Further information may be found in Part I - Small Animal Nutrition and Part II - Surgical Nursing

1. List 3 reasons why an animal with cancer must have special attention paid to diet.
   • Metabolic alterations may occur; these might persist even if the animal is in remission.
   • Animals with cancer have a higher energy requirement.
   • Altered carbohydrate metabolism may provoke an increase in resting insulin and lactate levels.
2. What is cancer cachexia?
   Accelerated starvation caused by metabolic alterations.
3. List 7 signs of cancer cachexia.
   • Muscle wastage.
   • Weight loss.
   • Weakness.
   • Debilitation.
   • Negative nitrogen balance.
   • Loss of body fat and carbohydrate stores.
   • Lethargy.
4. List 5 nutrients that have been found to be important dietary constituents for dogs with cancer.
   • Carbohydrate.
   • Fat.
   • Omega-3 fatty acids.
   • Protein.
   • Arginine.
5. What is the name of the Hills diet designed especially for dogs with cancer?
   Hills Canine N/D.
6. State a suitable diet for both canine and feline medical conditions associated with debilitation, cachexia and anorexia.
   Hills A/D, Waltham Convalescent Diet or Iams Nutritional Recovery Diet.
7. List conditions associated with debilitation, cachexia and anorexia.
   • Starvation and neglect.
   • Trauma.
   • Abscesses.
   • Burns.
   • Infectious diseases, bacteraemia, sepsis
   • Pyrexia.
   • Pyometra (except when associated with azotaemia).
   • Feline hepatic lipidosis.
   • Surgery.
   • Autoimmune disease.
   • Peritonitis.
   • Hypokalaemia.
   • Cancer (and cancer therapy).
   • Catabolic drugs.