QUESTIONS

Note that some of the questions in this section (those marked with an asterisk) are more advanced than required for the final V.N. exams. However, they are of interest to those already qualified, or studying for the Medical Diploma.

1. * State the approximate percentage of dogs that are affected by some form of heart disease during their life span.
2. List 10 signs which may be indicative of heart disease.
3. List 6 techniques that may aid the diagnosis of a heart condition.
4. List and describe the common congenital heart defects seen in the dog and cat.
5. * What is the most common acquired cardiac abnormality in dogs?
6. * What breed of dog is predisposed to mitral and triscupid dysplasia?
7. * Name a common congenital heart defect in the dog?
8. * By what other name is chronic mitral valvular disease known?
9. List 6 dog breeds which are predisposed to chronic valvular disease.
10. What is endocarditis?
11. What is an alternative name for myocardial disease?
12. What is the most common cause of heart failure in the cat?
13. Name the disease affecting the heart that is more common in dogs than in cats and is characterised by thinned heart muscle with loss of contractility.
14. * Name 5 possible secondary causes of cardiomyopathy.
15. Which breed of dog is particularly susceptible to dilated cardiomyopathy?
16. Which breed of dog is predisposed to mitral insufficiency?
17. Name 5 countries in which heartworm is common.
18. List therapies that may be indicated in the treatment of heart disease.
19. List considerations to be taken into account when nursing an animal with a heart condition.
20. Give 2 examples of prescription diets suitable for feeding to dogs with heart disease.
21. Describe the lead positioning when setting up for an ECG.
22. * What is the name of the serious tick-borne disease which destroys blood cells, affects only dogs and is particularly prevalent in France (especially south of the Loire valley)?
23. State the 3 main causes of regenerative anaemia.
24. List 5 common causes of acute haemorrhage.
25. * Why will chronic external blood loss eventually cause iron deficiency anaemia?
26. State the 2 most common causes of iron deficiency anaemia.
27. * What is the commonest cause of nontraumatic severe anaemia in the dog?
28. Give 2 examples of conditions that may cause oxidant damage to RBCs.
29. * Can you give 4 examples of factors outside of the bone marrow that can lead to the development of non-regenerative anaemia.
30. What breed of dog is predisposed to von Willebrand's disease?
31. What is the name given to the nuclear remnants that are present in increased numbers in strongly regenerative anaemia?
32. * What is the name given to the fragmented RBCs that are frequently found in animals suffering from haemangiosarcoma and DIC?
33. * What is the name given to the spherical RBCs with a reduced diameter that are a frequent finding in IMHA?