This chapter covers elementary microbiology and immunology.

Microbiology = The study of microorganisms and their effect on living cells. These microorganisms (or microbes) include bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi.

Immunology = The study of immunity; how the body protects itself from foreign material.

In addition, the various endoparasites and ectoparasites seen commonly in small animal veterinary practice are described.

Endoparasites = Parasites that live within the body of their host.

Ectoparasites = Parasites that live predominantly on the external surface of their host.

Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of this chapter are:

• To be proficient in the use of terms and definitions covering elementary micro-biology.
• To understand elementary immunology.
• To understand elementary bacteriology.
• To understand elementary virology.
• To understand elementary mycology.
• To be competent in the identification and treatment of common endoparasites affecting small animals.
• To be competent in the identification and treatment of common ectoparasites affecting small animals.