ANSWERS

1. Define enema.
   An enema is a fluid or semi-fluid preparation instilled through the anal sphincter into the rectum and colon.
2. List 4 possible reasons for the administration of an enema.
   • To relieve constipation.
   • Diagnostic - to outline the rectum and colon for radiography.
   • To empty the bowel prior to surgery.
   • Drug route (rare).
3. Give 6 examples of evacuant enemas.
   • Soap and water solution.
   • Saline.
   • Liquid paraffin.
   • Glycerine and water.
   • Olive oil and water.
   • Proprietary brand such as Micralax.
4. State the dose for an evacuant enema.
   The dose for an evacuant enema is 7-14mls/kg (average 10mls/kg).
5. What device is often used to administer an evacuant enema to a medium to large sized dog?
   A Higginson's syringe.
6. List the equipment that you would prepare prior to administering an evacuant enema to a 0.5kg kitten.
   • Protective gloves and apron (a mask is often a good idea too!).
   • Plenty of newspaper to protect the environment (and a clinical waste sack to hand for disposing of the soiled material).
   • A small standard cat catheter (3FG).
   • Vaseline or Xylocaine gel to aid insertion.
   • 5mls of evacuant enema drawn up into two 2.5ml syringes for ease of administration.
   • An assistant to restrain the kitten.