ANSWERS

1. What is another term for a dislocation?
   Luxation.
2. What is another term for a partial dislocation?
   Subluxation.
3. Define dislocation.
   A persistent and complete displacement of the opposing articular surfaces of the bones forming a joint.
4. Define subluxation.
   An incomplete displacement of the opposing articular surfaces of the bones forming a joint.
5. Give an example of a common congenital luxation.
   Luxating patella.
6. Name the 2 joints that are most commonly affected by acquired luxation occurring as a result of trauma.
   • Hip.
   • Elbow.
7. What is the correct term for reduction of the joint by manipulation of the affected limb?
   Closed reduction.
8. Describe open reduction.
   A surgical approach to the joint involving visualisation of the affected bones and their subsequent manipulation back into the joint.
9. Why is closed reduction preferable to open reduction?
   • Less risk of joint infection.
   • No surgical wound to look after.
10. Why is it very unlikely that the veterinary surgeon will be able to perform successful closed reduction on a 3 day old luxation?
    During this time the surrounding tissues will have contracted, thus rendering closed reduction difficult.
11. What should always be carried out before any attempt is made at reduction and why?
    Radiography; it is important to confirm the diagnosis, aswell as assess any further damage such as fractures (which will complicate any attempts to reduce the affected joint).
12. How long should an animal be rested for following the reduction of a luxation?
    3-4 Weeks.
13. What is the name of the dressing that may be used to support a hind limb following reduction of a luxated hip?
    Ehmer sling.
14. What is the name of the dressing that may be used to support a forelimb following reduction of a luxated elbow?
    Velpeau sling.
15. For how long are non-weight-bearing slings usually employed following the reduction of a luxation?
    5-7 Days.
16. State 4 complications associated with luxations.
    • Reluxation after reduction.
    • Joint infection (following open reduction).
    • Injury to the soft tissues surrounding the affected joint.
    • Nerve damage in the region of the affected joint.