https://www.vetnurse.co.uk/nursing/w/vet-nurse-revision_1/484/terms-and-defs-answersWelcome to the Revision Guide for Student Nurses (Part I) by Vanessa Bird VN. This guide contains notes, self-test questionnaires and practical tasks to help you through your exams (Level 2 NVQ), and to use as a reference afterwards.April 2009. Importen-USTelligent Community 10https://www.vetnurse.co.uk/nursing/w/vet-nurse-revision_1/484/terms-and-defs-answersThu, 02 Apr 2009 14:38:25 GMT1a0763ec-3885-442c-853e-6cef656dfec5:66eb40df-7726-4534-bcd6-a0c6170db323Arlo Guthriehttps://www.vetnurse.co.uk/nursing/w/vet-nurse-revision_1/484/terms-and-defs-answers#commentsCurrent Revision posted to Revision Guide For Student Nurses - Part 1 by Arlo Guthrie on 4/2/2009 2:38:25 PM<br /> <p><strong>ANSWERS</strong></p> <ol class="wikiextraspace"> <li><strong>Define anatomy.</strong><br />The science of the structure of the body. </li> <li><strong>Define physiology.</strong><br />The science of the functioning of living organisms; or more simply, how the body works. </li> <li><strong>Briefly describe the skeletal system.</strong><br />The rigid structures that support and protect the soft structures of the body. It comprises bone, cartilage and the tissues that make up the joints. </li> <li><strong>Briefly describe the muscular system.</strong><br />The muscle attached to the skeletal system which is under voluntary (conscious) control. <br /><i>NB. The muscular tissue elsewhere in the body is not under conscious control and is therefore known as involuntary muscle.</i> </li> <li><strong>Describe the following: cell, tissue, organ and system.</strong> <ul> <li>Cell - the basic structural unit of living organisms; a microscopic mass of protoplasm, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm enclosed within a cell membrane. All organic tissues are constructed from cells. </li> <li>Tissue - a group of similarly specialised cells that together perform special functions. </li> <li>Organ - An independent structure composed of various tissues which together perform a specialised function. </li> <li>System - A group of tissues and organs which together have a specific function. </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>List the 3 types of system and give examples of each.</strong> <ul> <li>Structural - skeletal system, muscular system, integument (the covering of the body i.e. skin, hair and claws). </li> <li>Co-ordinating - nervous system, endocrine system. </li> <li>Visceral - digestive system, respiratory system, urogenital system (urinary and reproductive systems). </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>A good understanding of the anatomical directions used in veterinary science is essential. Explain the following terms: distal, proximal, caudal, cranial, ventral, dorsal, palmar, plantar and rostral.</strong> <ul> <li>Distal - away from the body. </li> <li>Proximal - towards the body. </li> <li>Caudal - towards the tail. </li> <li>Cranial - towards the head. </li> <li>Ventral - towards the abdomen; the side of the body nearest to the ground in a standing animal. </li> <li>Dorsal - towards the back; the side of the body furthest from the ground in a standing animal. <br /><i>Dorsal also describes the &quot;top&quot; of the limbs, as opposed to the underside, which are referred to as palmar or plantar. </i></li> <li>Palmar - describes the underside of the forelimb below the metacarpal joint. </li> <li>Plantar - describes the underside of the hindlimb below the tibiotarsal joint. </li> <li>Rostral - towards the nose. </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>What is the difference between medial and lateral?</strong><br />Medial means towards the centre midline of the body, whilst lateral means towards the sides. </li> <li><strong>What are the terms used to describe relative distances from the surface of the body?</strong> <ul> <li>Superficial - close to the surface of the body. </li> <li>Deep - far from the surface of the body. </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>What are the terms used to describe relative depths within the organs and body cavities?</strong> <ul> <li>Internal. </li> <li>External. </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>List 5 functions of the skeletal system.</strong> <ul> <li>Support of the body. </li> <li>Provision of leverage for locomotion. </li> <li>Protection of the soft organs such as the brain, heart and lungs. </li> <li>Provision of a mineral store, particularly calcium and phosphorous. </li> <li>Erythropoeisis (the manufacture of red blood corpuscles which takes place in the red bone marrow). </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>State the 3 types of skeleton and briefly describe each.</strong> <ul> <li>Axial - comprising the skull, vertebral column, tail, ribs and sternum. </li> <li>Appendicular - the parts of the body that are appended (attached) to the trunk, comprising the limbs and pelvic/pectoral girdle. </li> <li>Splanchnic - bones that develop in the soft tissue remote from the rest of the skeleton, comprising the os penis or os clitoridis.<br /><br /><i>NB. The cow has a bone in the heart called the os cordis.</i> </li> </ul> </li> </ol><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.vetnurse.co.uk/nursing/w/vet-nurse-revision_1/484/terms-and-defs-answers/revision/1Thu, 02 Apr 2009 14:38:12 GMT1a0763ec-3885-442c-853e-6cef656dfec5:66eb40df-7726-4534-bcd6-a0c6170db323Arlo Guthriehttps://www.vetnurse.co.uk/nursing/w/vet-nurse-revision_1/484/terms-and-defs-answers#commentsRevision 1 posted to Revision Guide For Student Nurses - Part 1 by Arlo Guthrie on 4/2/2009 2:38:12 PM<br /> <p><strong>ANSWERS</strong></p> <ol class="wikiextraspace"> <li><strong>Define anatomy.</strong><br />The science of the structure of the body. </li> <li><strong>Define physiology.</strong><br />The science of the functioning of living organisms; or more simply, how the body works. </li> <li><strong>Briefly describe the skeletal system.</strong><br />The rigid structures that support and protect the soft structures of the body. It comprises bone, cartilage and the tissues that make up the joints. </li> <li><strong>Briefly describe the muscular system.</strong><br />The muscle attached to the skeletal system which is under voluntary (conscious) control. <br /><i>NB. The muscular tissue elsewhere in the body is not under conscious control and is therefore known as involuntary muscle.</i> </li> <li><strong>Describe the following: cell, tissue, organ and system.</strong> <ul> <li>Cell - the basic structural unit of living organisms; a microscopic mass of protoplasm, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm enclosed within a cell membrane. All organic tissues are constructed from cells. </li> <li>Tissue - a group of similarly specialised cells that together perform special functions. </li> <li>Organ - An independent structure composed of various tissues which together perform a specialised function. </li> <li>System - A group of tissues and organs which together have a specific function. </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>List the 3 types of system and give examples of each.</strong> <ul> <li>Structural - skeletal system, muscular system, integument (the covering of the body i.e. skin, hair and claws). </li> <li>Co-ordinating - nervous system, endocrine system. </li> <li>Visceral - digestive system, respiratory system, urogenital system (urinary and reproductive systems). </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>A good understanding of the anatomical directions used in veterinary science is essential. Explain the following terms: distal, proximal, caudal, cranial, ventral, dorsal, palmar, plantar and rostral.</strong> <ul> <li>Distal - away from the body. </li> <li>Proximal - towards the body. </li> <li>Caudal - towards the tail. </li> <li>Cranial - towards the head. </li> <li>Ventral - towards the abdomen; the side of the body nearest to the ground in a standing animal. </li> <li>Dorsal - towards the back; the side of the body furthest from the ground in a standing animal. <br /><i>Dorsal also describes the &quot;top&quot; of the limbs, as opposed to the underside, which are referred to as palmar or plantar. </i></li> <li>Palmar - describes the underside of the forelimb below the metacarpal joint. </li> <li>Plantar - describes the underside of the hindlimb below the tibiotarsal joint. </li> <li>Rostral - towards the nose. </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>What is the difference between medial and lateral?</strong><br />Medial means towards the centre midline of the body, whilst lateral means towards the sides. </li> <li><strong>What are the terms used to describe relative distances from the surface of the body?</strong> <ul> <li>Superficial - close to the surface of the body. </li> <li>Deep - far from the surface of the body. </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>What are the terms used to describe relative depths within the organs and body cavities?</strong> <ul> <li>Internal. </li> <li>External. </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>List 5 functions of the skeletal system.</strong> <ul> <li>Support of the body. </li> <li>Provision of leverage for locomotion. </li> <li>Protection of the soft organs such as the brain, heart and lungs. </li> <li>Provision of a mineral store, particularly calcium and phosphorous. </li> <li>Erythropoeisis (the manufacture of red blood corpuscles which takes place in the red bone marrow). </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>State the 3 types of skeleton and briefly describe each.</strong> <ul> <li>Axial - comprising the skull, vertebral column, tail, ribs and sternum. </li> <li>Appendicular - the parts of the body that are appended (attached) to the trunk, comprising the limbs and pelvic/pectoral girdle. </li> <li>Splanchnic - bones that develop in the soft tissue remote from the rest of the skeleton, comprising the os penis or os clitoridis.<br /><br /><i>NB. The cow has a bone in the heart called the os cordis.</i> </li> </ul> </li> </ol><div style="clear:both;"></div>